As a core component in electrochemical systems, the anode plate's fundamental functions are primarily reflected in its electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and catalytic activity. In fields such as electrolysis, electroplating, batteries, and electrostatic precipitators, the anode plate directly impacts the system's efficiency and stability by participating in oxidation reactions or providing electron transport pathways.
From a materials science perspective, anode plates are typically made of highly conductive and corrosion-resistant metals or alloys, such as lead, titanium-based coatings (such as ruthenium-titanium), stainless steel, or graphite. The choice of these materials depends on the chemical environment of the specific application. For example, in the chlor-alkali industry, titanium-based anode plates are coated with precious metal oxides (such as ruthenium and iridium) to enhance the catalytic efficiency of the chlorine evolution reaction. In hydrometallurgy, lead alloy anode plates are widely used for their resistance to acid corrosion.
The core function of the anode plate is to act as an electron acceptor, driving the oxidation reaction. During the electrolysis process, metal ions on the anode plate surface or substances in the solution lose electrons, transforming into higher-valence species. For example, during copper electroplating, the copper atoms in the anode plate oxidize to Cu²⁺ and enter the solution, maintaining a balanced copper ion concentration in the electrolyte. Furthermore, the anode plate serves to even out current distribution. Its geometric design (such as a corrugated or gridded surface) optimizes the electric field distribution and reduces local polarization.
In the environmental protection field, anode plates are widely used in electrostatic precipitators. A high-voltage electric field charges dust particles and causes them to adhere to the anode surface, achieving air purification. In this case, the anode plate's electrical conductivity and mechanical strength are key indicators.
In summary, the functional foundation of the anode plate depends not only on its material properties but also on its electrochemical behavior within the system. Advances in materials science are driving the development of new anode plate technologies (such as three-dimensional porous structures or composite coatings) toward higher efficiency and longer lifespans.
